Pakistan-U.S. Relations Through the Lens of American Elections by Muhammad Mohsin Iqbal

The United States presidential election has always held significant interest for Pakistan, as American foreign policy shapes Pakistan-U.S. relations in ways that affect Pakistan’s economic stability, security, and diplomatic standing. Each election in Washington brings renewed anticipation in Islamabad, prompting policymakers to question whether the next administration will foster closer cooperation or introduce new challenges. Historically, Pakistan-U.S. relations have followed cycles of collaboration and divergence, with each American presidency adopting its own stance, largely determined by U.S. strategic interests.

The question of which American party might hold a “soft corner” for Pakistan often surfaces with each election cycle. The perception in Pakistan has long been that Republican administrations are more aligned with Pakistan’s strategic needs, especially concerning defense and security. This view dates back to the Cold War, when President Nixon supported Pakistan during the 1971 crisis with India, aligning with Pakistan at a time when India was closer to the Soviet Union. The Reagan administration later cemented this impression, viewing Pakistan as a critical ally against Soviet forces in Afghanistan. During this period, Pakistan received substantial military aid, which many Pakistanis saw as a symbol of strong bilateral ties with Republican leadership.
Democratic administrations, on the other hand, have often highlighted concerns such as human rights, democracy, and nuclear non-proliferation. For instance, during President Carter’s term, Pakistan’s nuclear program came under scrutiny, leading to economic sanctions. Later, under President Clinton, the U.S. imposed additional sanctions on Pakistan due to nuclear testing, making the 1990s a challenging period for bilateral ties. However, Democrats have also been willing to cooperate with Pakistan when strategic interests align, as seen during the Obama administration. Although Obama’s approach was cautious regarding defense, his administration continued to provide economic support, recognizing Pakistan’s role in regional stability.
Regardless of which party occupies the White House, U.S. interests dictate the tone and depth of its relations with Pakistan. This interest-based approach was especially evident post-9/11 when Pakistan became a crucial ally in the war on terror. The Bush administration offered extensive military aid in exchange for Pakistan’s cooperation, underscoring the transactional nature of the relationship. As the U.S. drew down in Afghanistan, Washington’s interest in Pakistan lessened, illustrating how quickly shifts in American priorities can alter the dynamics of bilateral relations.
Pakistan-U.S. relations have roots dating back to 1950, when Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan visited the U.S., choosing Washington over Moscow as a first step toward alignment with the West. This decision laid the foundation for decades of partnership based on strategic alignment. Through periods of both collaboration and conflict, Pakistan and the U.S. have navigated a complex relationship shaped by global politics, mutual benefits, and changing needs.
Today, as Pakistan observes the upcoming American election, it does so with several expectations. Foremost is the hope for continued economic aid and trade support to help stabilize Pakistan’s economy, especially amid current challenges. Defense cooperation remains a priority as well, given the complex security landscape in South Asia. Pakistan seeks American support to counterbalance India’s growing defense capabilities and strategic influence. The Kashmir issue is also a focal point for Pakistan, as it hopes the U.S. will assume a balanced approach, encouraging dialogue and stability in South Asia. However, Pakistan is realistic about the strong U.S.-India alliance, shaped by Washington’s view of India as a counterbalance to China, which has complicated American engagement in the Kashmir dispute.
Looking forward, Pakistan recognizes that it must navigate an increasingly multipolar world where reliance on one major power is insufficient. To this end, Islamabad has bolstered ties with China through projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which offers infrastructure investment and economic benefits that complement its longstanding relationship with the U.S. Pakistan’s leaders understand the importance of maintaining balanced ties with both countries, leveraging China’s support for economic development while recognizing the unique advantages of partnering with the U.S. in defense, higher education, and global diplomacy.
Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s administration has maintained this balanced approach, pursuing diplomatic engagement with the U.S. while strengthening relations with China and other global partners. Recognizing the complexity of modern geopolitics, Pakistan is focused on maintaining a constructive and respectful relationship with the U.S., regardless of which party holds office.
Ultimately, Pakistan’s experience with American administrations underscores the reality that U.S. interests drive foreign policy, especially when it comes to international alliances. Republican administrations may have historically offered closer defense cooperation, while Democrats have prioritized issues like human rights and nuclear non-proliferation. However, Islamabad’s understanding of this dynamic ensures that its approach to the U.S. remains pragmatic, focused on strengthening diplomatic channels, enhancing economic cooperation, and maintaining security partnerships wherever possible.
As the U.S. election unfolds, Pakistan watches with cautious optimism, hoping for a respectful and mutually beneficial relationship that acknowledges its unique regional concerns and strategic needs. In a rapidly changing global environment, Pakistan aims to build a resilient, adaptable partnership with the U.S., recognizing that sustained cooperation rests on shared goals and mutual respect.